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Learn Overview
  • Overview
  • SAFEs
  • Convertible notes
  • Equity rounds
  • Key terms
LearnTerm sheets

Term sheets

What they are, how they work, and how to negotiate them at each stage.

What is a term sheet?

A term sheet is a non-binding document that outlines the key terms of an investment. It sets expectations before lawyers draft the final legal documents.

Think of it as a blueprint: it captures how much money is being invested, what investors get in return, and what rights both sides have.

Why this matters: Understanding term sheets before you sign protects your ownership and prevents costly mistakes that compound over multiple rounds.

Types of term sheets

SAFE agreements

Simple Agreement for Future Equity. The standard for pre-seed and seed rounds. No interest, no maturity, fast to close.

Convertible notes

Debt that converts to equity. Includes interest and maturity dates. Common at seed when investors want more structure.

Equity rounds

Priced rounds with fixed valuation. Board seats, liquidation preferences, and full governance. Standard from Series A.

Key terms explained

Valuation cap, discount, pro-rata, anti-dilution, liquidation preference. What each term means and why it matters.

What changes by stage

Angel / Pre-seed

Use SAFEs for speed. Simple 2-3 page documents with valuation cap and discount. No board seats, no complex terms.

Optimize for: Speed to close

Seed

Still SAFEs or convertible notes. Terms get tighter based on traction. Pro-rata rights become common. May see MFN clauses.

Optimize for: Reasonable cap with investor-friendly terms

Series A

Priced equity rounds with full governance. Fixed valuation, board seats, liquidation preferences, anti-dilution, information rights. 10-15 page documents.

Optimize for: Fair valuation with founder-friendly protections

How to negotiate

Investors expect negotiation. Accepting the first offer signals inexperience.

1

Know what is negotiable

At pre-seed/seed: valuation cap, discount, pro-rata. At Series A: valuation, board composition, option pool size.

2

Use market standards as leverage

Research what is standard. Point to norms when investors propose unusual terms.

3

Package your asks together

Do not negotiate one term at a time. Offer trade-offs that show you understand the dynamics.

4

Know your walk-away point

Decide what is non-negotiable before you start. Bad terms hurt for years.

Red flags to avoid

Full ratchet anti-dilution
Destroys founder ownership in down rounds. Weighted average is standard.
Participating liquidation preference
Double-dips on returns. 1x non-participating is standard.
Board control at seed
Founders should control the board until Series A or later.

Analyze your term sheet

Pitchkit helps you understand term sheets, model dilution, and identify red flags before you sign.

Get started

Related guides

Ask slide guideFinancials slide guidePitch decks by stageGlossary of terms
On this page
  • What is a term sheet?
  • Types of term sheets
  • What changes by stage
  • How to negotiate
  • Red flags to avoid
  • Analyze your term sheet
  • Related guides
Non-standard SAFE modifications
Standard Y Combinator templates are battle-tested. Custom terms often favor investors.