How do I calculate Switching costs?

Use the formula(s) on this page. Keep inputs consistent by period and basis.

What are good benchmarks?

Benchmarks vary by model and stage. See Benchmarks on this page for ranges.

Inconsistent definitions/time windows; wrong basis (revenue vs gross profit).

Raise switching costs ethically via embedded data, workflows, and ecosystem ties.

Data migration 8–12h, workflow rebuild, and retraining → implicit cost that improves retention.

Moat slide: bullets on data portability, integrations, and multi‑player workflows.

High switching costs: embedded data + workflows + integrations.

Raise switching costs ethically via embedded data, workflows, and ecosystem ties.

Data migration 8–12h, workflow rebuild, and retraining → implicit cost that improves retention.

Moat slide: bullets on data portability, integrations, and multi‑player workflows.

High switching costs: embedded data + workflows + integrations.